Greece

Key facts

Greece produces 54 415 GWh and exports 0.6% of its electricity production [1]

Greece is 26% electrified

The Greek electricity to gas price ratio is 3.8 for industry and 2.6 for households. [2]

The Greek Electricity mix is composed of
  • Natural Gas
  • Wind
  • Solar PV
  • Oil
  • Hydropower
  • Coal
  • Other

Current state of electrification

Residential buildings in Greece

Buildings

  • Buildings represent the vast majority of the Greek electricity consumption with 33% for the residential sector, and 37.1% for commercial and public services [3]
  • Around 362 000 heat pumps are installed in Greece. [4]

Industry

  • Industries represent 24.9% of the Greek electricity consumption [5] [6]
    • Non-metallic mineral products (cement, glass, and ceramics): 1.5 to 1.8 TWh | 30% to 33% of industrial electricity
    • Basic metals and metal processing (including aluminum): 1.2 to 1.4 TWh | 24% to 27% of industrial electricity
    • Food, beverage, and tobacco: 0.8 to 1.0 TWh | 16% to 19% of industrial electricity
Transport — from the design

Transport

  • Transport represent 0.4% of the Greek electricity consumption.
  • The data for the total number of vehicles comes from the Hellenic Statistical Authority [7]
  • The Greek electric fleet is composed of: [8] [9]
  • 33 094 electric cars (+5 287 year on year) — this represents 0.61% of the ~5.45 million passenger cars on Greek roads
  • 3 995 light commercial vehicles (+663 year on year) — this represents roughly 0.83% of the ~480 000 light commercial vehicles on Greek roads
  • 400 electric buses (+15 year on year) — this represents 1.60% of the ~25 000 buses on Greek roads
  • 75 electric trucks (+7 year on year) — this represents roughly 0.02% of the ~400 000 trucks on Greek roads

Grid and flexibility

Transmission & Distribution

Greece faces severe grid congestion as its rapid surge in solar and wind power outpaces local electrical infrastructure.
This oversupply during peak daylight hours forces system operators to implement heavy renewable energy curtailments, triggers negative market pricing, and leaves tens of gigawatts of new clean energy projects stuck in connection queues. [10]

Storage

As of 2026, Greece has around 100 to 300 MW of operational BESS capacity, but its pipeline is expanding rapidly.
The country has awarded roughly 900 MW through three state-aid auctions, while establishing a priority grid connection framework aimed at onboarding 4.7 GW of merchant BESS (3.8 GW on the transmission grid and 900 MW on the distribution network) to tackle renewable curtailment. [11] [12]
Looking further ahead, Greece’s updated National Energy and Climate Plan targets between 3.1 GW and 4.3 GW of BESS capacity by 2030, eventually scaling to 6.9 GW by 2035 alongside substantial pumped hydro reserves. [13]

Smart meters

There are currently 1.6 million to 1.7 million smart meters operational in Greece out of roughly 7.7 million total electricity connections.
This places household/endpoint penetration around 20% to 22%. [14]
DEDDIE is installing ~4,400 to 5,900 meters per day to reach 2.4 million active smart meters (representing ~66% of total electricity volume monitored). Full nationwide rollout (7.7 million meters) is targeted for 2030. [15]

Support schemes

Heat Pumps & Residential Heating
"Changing Heating System" & "Exoikonomo" (Greece 2.0 / EU RRF) [16]

50%–60% direct CAPEX grants up to €7,440 for heat pumps (air-to-water, geothermal) and up to €1,040 for solar thermal water heaters.

Income-tiered support; highest rates reserved for lower-income households and cold climate zones (e.g., Kozani, Florina, Kastoria).

Electric Vehicles (EVs)
"Kinoumai Elektrika 3" (I Move Electrically 3) [17]

30% grant on net retail price up to €9,000 for private BEVs, plus €2,000 optional old vehicle scrappage bonus and €500 for smart home chargers (up to €11,500 total).

Additional €1,000 bonus for young buyers (≤29), large families, and persons with disabilities. Taxis get up to €17,500; corporate fleets up to €8,000/vehicle (+€4,000 for Greek islands). Exempt from registration and circulation taxes.

Rooftop Solar & Home BESS
"Solar on the Roof" (Photovoltaics in the Roof) [18]

Grants covering 45%–75% of rooftop solar PV costs, paired with 90%–100% CAPEX support for residential battery storage (~€890/kWh).

Operates under the Net Billing framework. Requires mandatory battery pairing for household systems; max total grant of €16,000.

Utility-Scale Storage
RRF State-Aid BESS Tenders (RAEWW Scheme SA.64736) [19]

Dual-support model: Investment grants of €100,000–€200,000/MW (covering ~40%–50% of CAPEX) + 10-year two-way CfDs for annual operational support.

Total budget of €341M backing 900 MW of standalone BESS assets across three competitive state tenders.

Industrial Electrification
RRF Green Transition & Industry Decarbonization [20]

Direct investment grants and soft loans for energy efficiency, electrification of thermal processes, and fuel-switching.

Tiered based on enterprise size and projected carbon reduction metrics under EU State Aid guidelines.

Targets

Buildings

  • The draft updated NECP sets a target of 47% renewable energy in heating and cooling for buildings by 2030, supported by national initiatives to replace fossil-fuel boilers with heat pumps and fund deep energy renovations [21]

Transport

  • Greece targets a 30% share of electric vehicles in new passenger car registrations by 2030, alongside reaching a 29% renewable energy share in transport (driven primarily by road electrification and advanced biofuels), as outlined in the Greek NECP. [22]

Industry

  • No specific target

Gaps and Challenges

Rapid expansion of wind and solar power has outpaced local transmission and distribution capacity, creating severe grid bottlenecks. Peak daylight oversupply causes heavy renewable curtailments and drives zero or negative spot market prices, while tens of gigawatts of new clean energy projects remain stuck in grid connection queues.

Industrial electricity demand is heavily concentrated in energy-intensive sub-sectors. Transitioning thermal processes to electric arc furnaces or green hydrogen requires massive up-front capital investment, but progress is hampered by the total absence of national sub-sector electrification targets, high spot-market price volatility linked to natural gas, and a reliance on generic RRF soft loans.

Transport is the least electrified sector in Greece. With just ~33,000 passenger EVs on the road, adoption lags severely behind the 2030 target of a 30% share in new car sales. Commercial heavy freight and public transit face high vehicle procurement costs, a scarce network of highway fast-chargers, and grid capacity bottlenecks in urban depots.

Assessment

Buildings

On track

Accounts for 70.1% of power demand with ~362,000 heat pumps installed, backed by strong “Exoikonomo” CAPEX grants (up to 60%) and a clear 2030 NECP target of 47% renewable heating and cooling.

Transport

At risk

Represents a negligible 0.4% of electricity consumption, hampered by slow EV adoption, high vehicle costs, and insufficient fast-charging infrastructure relative to the 2030 goal of 30% new EV sales.

Industry

At risk

High baseline demand (24.9% of electricity use) in basic metals and cement, but lacks sub-sector electrification mandates, targeted de-risking instruments, and dedicated capital grant frameworks for thermal process switching.

Power system

Lacking

Strong renewable expansion (39.3% wind and solar PV), but lingering high dependency on natural gas (37.4%) and oil (8.5%) keeps electricity prices volatile and exposed to international fossil markets.

Grids

At risk

Severe local congestion, heavy renewable curtailments, and low residential smart meter endpoint penetration (20%–22%) restrict demand-side flexibility, requiring urgent commissioning of the 4.7 GW BESS pipeline.

Policy framework

On track

Clear National Climate Law targets, generous RRF-backed support schemes for residential heating and EVs (“Kinoumai Elektrika 3”), and structured utility storage tender frameworks.

  1. 1IEA, “Country profile: Greece”, accessible here.
  2. 2European Commission, “Electrification Action Plan”, accessible here.
  3. 3IEA, “Country profile: Greece”, accessible here.
  4. 4JRC, “Greece: status of the heat pump market”, accessible here.
  5. 5IEA, “Country profile: Greece”, accessible here.
  6. 6IPTO, “Data”, accessible here.
  7. 7Hellenic Statistical Authority “transport”, accessible here.
  8. 8IEA, “Country profile: Greece”, accessible here.
  9. 9European Commission, “Alternative Fuels Observatory: Greece”, accessible here.
  10. 10UNN, “Greece leads the EU in renewable energy consumption, but has problems with overloading during peak hours”, accessible here.
  11. 11ENSPIRED, “BESS in Greece”, accessible here.
  12. 12Energy Storage News, “Greece gets state aid approval from EU for 900 MW energy storage pipeline”, accessible here.
  13. 13Energy press, “Battery storage to miss 2030 NECP target, Aurora warns”, accessible here.
  14. 14Serbia Energy, “Greece accelerates smart meter rollout”, accessible here.
  15. 15Energy Press, “Smart meter rollout advancing, targets full coverage by 2030”, accessible here.
  16. 16Ministry of Environment and Energy (ΥΠΕΝ), "Πρόγραμμα 'Εξοικονομώ 2023' – Επιδότηση ενεργειακής αναβάθμισης κατοικιών", accessible here here
  17. 17Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport & Ministry of Environment and Energy, "Δράση 'Κινούμαι Ηλεκτρικά 3' – Επιδότηση αγοράς ηλεκτρικών οχημάτων", accessible here here
  18. 18Ministry of Environment and Energy (ΥΠΕΝ), "Πρόγραμμα 'Φωτοβολταϊκά στη Στέγη' – Επιχορήγηση Φ/Β συστημάτων με μπαταρία", accessible here here
  19. 19Regulatory Authority for Waste, Energy and Water (RAEWW / ΡΑΑΕΥ), "Ανταγωνιστικές Διαδικασίες Υποβολής Προσφορών για Εγκατάσταση Σταθμών Αποθήκευσης Ηλεκτρικής Ενέργειας (BESS)", accessible here here
  20. 20Greece 2.0 (National Recovery and Resilience Plan / Εθνικό Σχέδιο Ανάκαμψης και Ανθεκτικότητας), "Δράσεις Πράσινης Μετάβασης & Βιομηχανικού Μετασχηματισμού", accessible here here
  21. 21Hellenic Republic Ministry of Environment and Energy, “NECP”, accessible here.
  22. 22Hellenic Republic Ministry of Environment and Energy, “NECP”, accessible here.