Lithuania

Key facts

Lithuania produces 8091 GWh a year [1]

Lithuania imports 50% of its electricity consumption

15% of Lithuania is electrified.

The Lithuanian electricity to gas price ratio is 2.2 for industry and 3 for households. [2]

Lithuania’s electricity mix is composed of
  • Wind
  • Solar PV
  • Hydropower
  • Natural Gas
  • Biofuels
  • Waste
  • Oil
  • Other

Current state of electrification

Buildings

  • Buildings represent the biggest part of the Lithuanian electricity consumption with [3]
    • 33.2% commercial and public services,
    • 30.8% residential
  • Lithuania has around 125 000 installed heat pumps [4]

Industry

  • Industry represents 33.1% of the electricity consumption [5] [6]
  • The most electricity intensive sectors are:
    • Food, beverage, and tobacco: 0.6 to 0.7 TWh | 22% to 26% of industrial electricity
    • Chemical, pharmaceutical, and refined products: 0.5 to 0.6 TWh | 18% to 22% of industrial electricity
    • Woodworking, paper, pulp, and furniture: 0.4 to 0.5 TWh | 16% to 20% of industrial electricity
Transport — from the design

Transport

  • Transport represents 1% of the electricity consumption [7]
  • The data for the total number of vehicles comes from the Lithuanian Official Statistics Portal [8]
  • The electric fleet is composed of: [9]
  • 20 634 cars (+1 852 year on year) — this represents 1.38% of the ~1.5 million passenger cars on Lithuanian roads
  • 909 light commercial vehicles (+141 year on year) — this represents roughly 0.83% of the ~110 000 light commercial vehicles on Lithuanian roads
  • 899 Buses (+131 year on year) — this represents roughly 11.24% of the ~8 000 buses on Lithuanian roads
  • 17 trucks (+0 year on year) — this represents roughly 0.02% of the ~90 000 heavy commercial trucks on Lithuanian roads
  • 4 496 light electric vehicles (+40 year on year) — this represents roughly 12.85% of the ~35 000 motorcycles and mopeds (light vehicles under 4 wheels) on Lithuanian roads

Grid and flexibility

Transmission & Distribution

The Lithuanian electricity transmission grid, operated by Litgrid, is performing strongly, marked by the historical milestone of fully disconnecting from the Russian/Belarusian BRELL system and achieving permanent synchronization with the Continental Europe Synchronous Area via Poland. [10]
Supported by over €1.2 billion in EU funding, Litgrid bolstered grid stability by deploying synchronous condensers, commissioning its initial utility-scale BESS projects (119 MW), and integrating a massive wave of renewables (~1.7 GW of solar and wind added in a single year). [11]
System reliability metrics continue to outperform regulatory targets, backed by steady high availability on major international interconnectors like NordBalt to Sweden and LitPol Link to Poland, even as local grid development accelerates to accommodate rapid industrial electrification and rising prosumer demand [12]

Storage

Energy Cells’ 200 MW / 200 MWh utility-scale battery system spread across four 50 MW parks in Vilnius, Šiauliai, Alytus, and Utena.

Smart meters

Lithuania has passed 1.5 million installed smart electricity meters across its national grid, covering over 60% of all electricity connections. [13]

Support schemes

Residential Heating & Heat Pumps
APVA Clean Heating Grants (Environmental Project Management Agency) [14]

Up to 50% CAPEX coverage (typically €1,500–€4,000 depending on pump capacity and type)

Replaces inefficient biomass/fossil boilers with heat pumps (air-to-water or ground-source). Requires switching away from polluting solid fuels.

Solar Prosumer & Storage Deployment
APVA Prosumer & Battery Support [15]
  • Solar PV: €170–€255/kW (up to 7–10 kW)
  • Storage: €170/kWh (up to €3,500 per home system)

Covers both rooftop solar arrays and shares in off-site remote solar parks, alongside growing capital incentives for integrated hybrid inverter battery storage.

Multi-Apartment Building Renovation
Modernisation Programme & Climate Change Fund [16]

30%–51% effective grant funding + soft long-term renovation loans

Integrates heat pumps, rooftop solar PV, and thermal envelope upgrades. Additional 30% RES bonus available for deep retrofits reaching Class C energy performance.

Passenger Electric Vehicles
APVA EV Purchase Subsidies [17]
  • New BEV: €5,000
  • Used BEV (<4 yrs): €2,500
  • Scrapping bonus: +€1,000 for trading in old fossil cars

Vehicle price capped at €45,000 incl. VAT. Includes 100% VAT deduction for commercial corporate BEV fleets and bus lane/free parking privileges in major cities.

Charging Infrastructure
Private & Public AFIR Infrastructure Grants [18]
  • Private Wallbox: Up to €1,500
  • Shared/Apartment: Up to €3,000
  • Public Fast Charging: Up to €10,000 per station

Direct capital grants funded through the RRF and Climate Change Fund to build out private, depot, and public fast-charging networks across municipalities.

Industrial & Business Decarbonization
INVEGA Soft Loans & Altum/APVA Green Transition Grants [19]

30%–49% capital discounts / write-offs on soft loans for thermal process electrification

Directly supports fuel switching (gas to electric boilers/heat pumps), energy efficiency overhauls, and the installation of on-site industrial RES generation.

Targets

Buildings

  • Aiming for 80% of individual residential heating and cooling to originate from renewable sources (primarily heat pumps and modern biomass) by 2030
  • Mandating that 90% of energy used in urban district heating systems comes from renewable and local sources by 2030

Transport

  • Raising the share of renewable energy in the transport sector to 15% through direct EV power and sustainable biofuels by 2030
  •  Targeting at least 30% of all new passenger vehicle registrations to be fully electric (BEV) by 2030 [20]

Overall

  • Over 30% of all electricity consumers in Lithuania are projected to become active “prosumers” by 2030

Gaps and Challenges

Lithuania has made significant strides in transforming from an energy-importing nation into a regional clean energy hub. The explosive growth of renewable capacity is testing grid connection limits. Transmission operator Litgrid and main DSO ESO have implemented nodal hosting capacity maps and flexible non-firm connection rules to manage local substation queues.

While utility-scale batteries (like Energy Cells’ 200 MW system) and the ongoing construction of the overland Harmony Link interconnector with Poland bolster system resilience following synchronisation with Continental Europe, localised transmission bottlenecks and curtailment risks remain persistent challenges.

Transitioning energy-intensive sectors off natural gas toward direct electrification and green hydrogen requires massive capital investments and infrastructure coordination.

Transport and residential building retrofits represent Lithuania’s largest structural decarbonisation hurdles. Heavy freight electrification is virtually stalled due to depot grid capacity bottlenecks and high vehicle procurement costs.

In buildings, despite generous APVA heat pump replacement grants, deep thermal renovations of multi-family apartment blocks face decision-making administrative hurdles among homeowners, slowing overall heating efficiency gains.

Assessment

Buildings

On track

Strong heat pump adoption supported by APVA grants and district heating decarbonization (>75% RES share), though multi-apartment deep renovation rates still lag 2030 targets.

Transport

Lacking

Non-ETS emissions remain high; passenger BEV adoption is growing (backed by €5k grants), but heavy freight electrification and public charging density along rural corridors need significant expansion.

Industry

Lacking

Concentrated in heavy chemicals and refining; process heat electrification is constrained by high electricity-to-gas price ratios and long lead times for industrial grid connections.

Power system

On track

Rapid scaling toward 100% domestic renewable electricity by 2030, driven by 6+ GW of onshore wind and solar alongside a 700 MW offshore wind pipeline.

Grids

Lacking

Baltic grid synchronization and 200 MW Energy Cells BESS secured system stability, but distribution and transmission connection queues create localized bottlenecks for new RE projects.

Policy framework

On track

Ambitious National Energy Independence Strategy (NEIS) and NECP targets, supported by APVA/INVEGA funding mechanisms and active smart meter integration.

  1. 1IEA, “Country profile: Lithuania”, accessible here.
  2. 2European Commission, “Electrification Action Plan”, accessible here.
  3. 3IEA, “Country profile: Lithuania”, accessible here.
  4. 4JRC, “Lithuania: status of the heat pump market”, accessible here.
  5. 5IEA, “Country profile: Lithuania”, accessible here.
  6. 6Litgrid, “National electricity demand and generation”, accessible here.
  7. 7IEA, “Country profile: Lithuania”, accessible here.
  8. 8Official Statistics Portal, “Transport”, accessible here.
  9. 9European Commission, “Alternative fuels observatory: Lithuania”, accessible here.
  10. 10ENTSOE, “Continental European TSOs announce completion of synchronisation project with AST, Elering and Litgrid”, accessible here.
  11. 11Litgrid, “Litgrid 2025 results”, accessible here.
  12. 12Eurelectric, “Grid synchronisation and energy security - The Baltics case”, accessible here.
  13. 13European Environment Agency, “Lituania”, accessible here.
  14. 14Environmental Project Management Agency (APVA) & Lithuanian Energy Agency (LEA), "Biomasę ir neefektyvius šildymo katilus keičiančių įrenginių subsidijos gyventojams", accessible here and via APVIS portal here.
  15. 15Environmental Project Management Agency (APVA), "Fizinių asmenų saulės elektrinių ir baterijų įsirengimas namų ūkiuose", accessible here.
  16. 16Environmental Project Management Agency (APVA) / Ministry of Environment, "Daugiabučių namų atnaujinimo (modernizavimo) programa", accessible here and here.
  17. 17Environmental Project Management Agency (APVA), "Elektromobilių įsigijimo skatinimas fiziniams asmenims ir įmonėms", accessible here and overview here.
  18. 18Lithuanian Energy Agency (LEA) & APVA, "Elektromobilių įkrovimo stotelių įrengimo finansavimas", accessible here and via LEA projects here.
  19. 19ILTE (formerly INVEGA) & APVA, "Tvarumo ir žaliojo kurso finansinės priemonės pramonės bei verslo subjekto dekarbonizacijai", accessible here and APVA corporate grants here.
  20. 20Ministry of transport and communications, “Lithuania to start preparations for a rapid development of electromobility”, accessible here.